Currently, there are 4 types of charge controllers that accumulate energy emitted from the sun. Let me introduce them to you.

1. LEAD ACID
   Until 2015, energy accumulated from solar systems was stored in LEAD ACID or lead-acid batteries. This battery is similar to the battery used in your car, but solar energy batteries are taller and more cylindrical. To power your apartment with LEAD ACID batteries, you need a battery cabinet and need to protect it from external temperatures and keep the temperature inside the cabinet constant. This is because these batteries have poor tolerance for excessive heat and cold, and environmental influences negatively affect battery life. They can be used for 1000-3000 cycles, and lifespan is approximately 2-8 years depending on usage.
   Listing the advantages and disadvantages of LEAD ACID type batteries:
   Advantages:
   -Manufactured in many different shapes and sizes, so can be used according to your needs
   -Requires little maintenance
   -Tolerates slow, fast, and over-charging
   -Does not lose quality when left unused for a long time
   -Low production cost per Wh
   -Lower self-discharge capacity compared to other types of rechargeable batteries
   -Good performance at high and low temperatures
   -Can be recycled
   Disadvantages:
   -Lead is heavier than other types of elements
   -Poor capacity compared to weight
   -Charges slowly, takes approximately 14-16 hours for full charge
   -Needs to be stored under special conditions
   -Harmful to the environment
   -Liquid batteries need water added, difficult to transport.
2. Lithium-ion battery
   Lithium-ion battery types have developed very rapidly in recent years and are widely penetrating the electric vehicle market. This type is constantly used in our daily life, as you know, used in mobile phones, laptops, etc. After using 4000-6000 cycles, it loses approximately 20% of its capacity, and lifespan is estimated at 13-18 years.
   Listing the advantages and disadvantages of Lithium ion type batteries:
   Advantages:
   -Maintenance-free
   -Saves space
   -Easy assembly
   -Charges quickly
   -Can be used longer
   -Energy efficient – Uses less energy to charge itself compared to other types of batteries
   Disadvantages:
   -Expensive
   -Although maintenance-free, requires regular inspection and monitoring
   -Recycling is complex.

3.Flow battery
Flow batteries are newly entering the energy storage system market. They use liquid solutions of zinc and bromide, transferring them from one side to the other. When the battery charges, zinc is separated from the liquid solution and stored separately. When it starts being used, zinc is pushed back into the liquid solution, creating a flow and separating electrodes. Few companies manufacture them in the market. The biggest advantage of this type is that it can completely discharge without any negative effects, unlike the above 2 types of batteries.
Listing the advantages and disadvantages of Flow batteries:
Advantages:
-Can be assembled in many types using 2 tanks to create flow.
-Safe because it separates electrodes without chemical reactions
-Can use its charge without affecting the battery cycle
-Requires little maintenance with longer cycles
Disadvantages:
-Expensive because it's new technology
-High assembly complexity

4.Sodium Nickel Chloride Battery
Sodium nickel battery is a high-temperature energy storage system using sodium as anode and chloride as cathode. The battery is distinguished by using sodium ions through positive and negative electrodes using electrochemical reactions.
Listing the advantages and disadvantages of Sodium nickel chloride batteries:
Advantages:
-Wide operating temperature range
-Fully recyclable
-No fire hazard compared to other types of batteries
-No cooling system required
Disadvantages:

1. Very expensive